Essay Comprehensive Nursing Care

Essay Comprehensive Nursing Care Essay Comprehensive Nursing Care Comprehensive Nursing Care Within this essay I will discuss what is meant by healthy living and the perception of health and its impact on the life of a specific patient who I have cared for within a hospital setting. When we think of being healthy we often tend to look at the physical aspects, but being healthy is about the person as a whole, their mind and body which often extends to the whole community. The term health is therefore complex and has many definitions (Forster et al., 1999). The World Health Organisation (1948) has a popular definition which has not been amended since 1948, ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. This definition can assist the nurse in developing a holistic approach to understanding health. I recently completed a placement at a local trust, and cared for a lady who I thought was appropriate to focus on in relation to her health status as she had had many admissions into hospital over the past 1 2 months. I will refer to this lady as Joan, as a nurse I have a legal, professional and ethical duty to protect all confidential information concerning patients by recognising the privacy of the patient and practice MNC (2008). Joan has had asthma for all of her life, and after contracting TB 2 years ago Joan’s health and state of mind has gradually deteriorated. Joan’s breathing difficulties has caused many admissions into hospital over the past 12 months and consequently has developed MRSA in her sputum. Joan was admitted into a side ward due to her having the MRSA virus. Her condition caused her to become bed bound for the first two days, she found it difficult to move around the room and relied on the nursing staff to assist her with personal hygiene needs. Joan is a very independent woman and having to have someone else to help her made her very anxious. Moore and Woodrow (2004) state that breathless patients can become confused due to anxiety, therefore I had to ensure that Joan was made to feel comfortable and to give the opportunity for her to do as much as possible without causing added breathlessness. Joan was commenced on oxygen therapy; which relieved the symptoms of breathlessness. Administrating oxygen reduces or corrects hypoxia by compensating for the reduced minute volume (Bennett 2003). Bennett et al (2003) state that oxygen can be delivered in a number of ways, it was important to ensure the method chosen was the appropriate device. Joan had a basic o2 mask and it was decided that she would benefit from a mask providing 8 litres of oxygen. The device used for oxygen administration should reflect the patients’ requirements for oxygen as well as being comfortable for the patient to wear (Jevon and Ewens 2001). In helping Joan managing her breathlessness it was important for me to regularly assess Joan’s condition by observing her general appearance, looking for cyanosis, facial flushing and observing posture as this will indicate if the patient is anxious or afraid. Bennett (2003) states that when questioning breathless patients it is important to remember to use closed questions as talking increases breathlessness. As a nurse caring for Joan I played a big part in reviewing, monitoring and supporting her as she struggled with her breathing. It was particularly important to keep regular checks on all of Joan’s vital signs, tachycardia is common because of anxiety and hypoxia and bronchodilatory medications may increase it (Hoskins et al 2000). Most importantly in patients with respiratory related illnesses the nurse must remain calm and reassuring towards the patient, helping them to sit in an upright position to allow lung expansion. Joan has always been a busy lady, working and bringing up her children and then helping with the grandchildren. She regularly went to the shop and is a very house proud lady, enjoying all aspects of cleaning and keeping a good home. The unpredictability factor of an asthma

Great second jobs for Baby Boomers

Great second jobs for Baby Boomers If you’re one of the huge wave of Baby Boomers reaching (or already past) retirement age, you may be thinking a lot about the next phase of your life. For many, continuing to work is a financial necessity. For others, it’s about staying professionally active without the same 9-to-5 grind. If you’re looking for ways to stay active and stay earning, here are some second-stage careers to consider. 5 great second jobs for Baby BoomersTeach what you knowOne of the perks of coming to the end of your first career is that you have lots of expertise and experience built up. What better to do than share that expertise and get paid for it? Many local community colleges, continuing education programs, or online schools can always use qualified teachers who have flexible schedules. Or you could consider substitute teaching. Check with your local school district to see what their requirements are, but many states don’t require substitute teachers to have a specific teac hing degree.Be a consultantIf you’ve got decades of experience in a particular field, consulting can be a way to transition from the full-time working world to one where you set your own schedule and salary. Many Baby Boomers find themselves in a position to do work for their former companies, and others expand their business to take on new clients. One of the biggest upsides of consulting is that it lets you take the skills and experience you have and use it to create a new business for yourself.Build a business out of a hobbyIf you find yourself with more time after retirement, you may find that what used to be a hobby can now be a profitable side hustle. Now more than ever, people are seeking out unique or artisan goods, so it may be time to ramp up that home woodworking shop or set up that Etsy store. Â  With a variety of ways to sell goods and services online, something you’ve always done for fun can make for a fulfilling and profitable next wave of your career.M ake the world a better placeAfter all, the Baby Boomers are the generation of Woodstock and ’60s social justice. Working for a nonprofit can be a way to keep that social idealism going, while staying professionally active. Nonprofits come in all shapes and sizes, so there’s likely one in your area that fits with your worldview and your priorities.Many Baby Boomers also find that volunteering and giving back to the community is a way to create a new wave of productivity. Like consulting, volunteering capitalizes on your skills, experience, and time to help others.Find a franchiseOwning a ready-made franchise can be a great way to build a business without building it from the ground up. Franchisees can often be as involved or hands-on as they want to be, directly managing the business or being the boss from a distance. It’s also a way to learn new sides of a business, whether it’s food service, a retail store, or other venture. The existing branding and mar ketplace can ease the transition into a new field, making it ideal for someone looking for a next stage instead of a start-over.Whatever your interests and strengths, there are plenty of options and opportunities for building a second income, developing skills, or filling the time after you’ve transitioned away from your first career.

WALMART'S OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WALMART'S OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Market analysts are of the opinion that Walmart will retain its top position ("Turning Point"). With this trend, it seems that Walmart will definitely continue its dominance in the consumer market, at least in the foreseeable future. It definitely does not hve a problem with the number of retail stores it owns; in the United States alone,it has about 3900 retail outlets ("Annual Dividend"). Walmart is a very aggressive company, and is currently opening about 1.45 stores per day. Although Walmart shares have mostly not grown, it will most likely increase in the immediate future. In a research note, Edward Jones analyst David Powers said "We believe Wal-Mart's growth outlook remains favorable." Powers believes that by April this year, growth will accelerate to nearly 13%. (Van Riper) Walmart's main concern is its slow growth rate, although this seems to be a minor problem at the moment. In January 2006 Walmart's same-store sales growth was 4.7%, compared to the previous december's 2.2%. (Van Riper) It is interesting that Walmart has what is probably the world's largest computer database, in its 1000-person Information Systems Division. This database has a capacity of 460 terabytes, equivalent to almost half of the information on the Internet. (Bianco) Walmart is able to reduce payrol costs through automated generation and adjustment of work sch

Power in Organizations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power in Organizations - Assignment Example    However, this perspective is limited by the limits of human abilities with regard to both individual ability to rationalize and overall cost of adopting a rational strategy in terms of personal, social and organizational costs. The exploitative perception, on the other hand, focuses on Marxist theory of exploitation. It speaks about the exploitation of different groups of persons in society by other classes of people. Such exploitation of segments of the population is a distinct feature of capitalistic, free markets where capital is the dominant factor. Capital is viewed as a social resource rather than a physical economic resource used to extract value of labor. This management approach considers workers as mere exploitable productive labor, and the value of workers’ wages is unequal to the value of products they make. Through this system, management always ensures surplus values that are enjoyed by the capitalists. Marxist theorists define exploitation as the labor theory of value, which affirms that the market price of a commodity is a function of quantity of labor time socially required to create the product. Therefore, because the organization makes profits on account of its workers, then the wo rkers are deemed to be exploited. The limitation of this approach is that the nature of work remains boring and mechanical, and the relationship between employers and employees remains hostile because labor is forced and workers are antagonized by their employers leading to low morale (Thomas, 2003).

Online Education vs Traditional Education Essay Example for Free

Online Education vs Traditional Education Essay Nowadays, with the technology furtherance and the increased use of the internet, online education has gained significant acceptance and popularity all over the world. Not too long ago, online education offered no competition to traditional education . Today, with more choices being offered online, traditional education is now facing a number of challenges in every level. This has as a result, the competition between those two educational programs, having to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both methods of study, being measured since those methods are means for us to expand our opportunities and advance our careers. In the following paragraphs, I will expand the differences and similarities between online education and traditional education and compare their characteristics. Online education is defined as the creation and proliferation of the personal computer, the globalization of ideas and other human acts, and the use of technology in exchanging ideas and providing access to more people. Audio, video, computer, and networking technologies are often combined to create a multifaceted instructional delivery system. The fundamental method to unite the distance learning instructor with the distance learner is the network. Networks suitable for distance learning implementations include satellite, cable modem, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and wireless cable, (Collins, 2002). According to an article, students need to monitor their progress to the technology evolution and adjust their strategies for learning based on their development. Plus they need to control a time management schedule in order to complete online learning activities in the proper timeframes, (Orellana, 2009, p. 470). Online education requires time management skills and requires self-discipline. It takes patience, time and energy to be able to do that with success. The online student must be able to balance school, work, and a family. However, proper management must be maintained in order to balance all of the responsibilities and be successful in all areas. Online education gives you the opportunity to pursue quality and affordable education without interrupting your personal or professional life. It allows more flexibility and you are able to manage your study schedule according to your comfort and availability of time. So, you can program your personal life respectively with your studies thanks to the online education’s special mode of learning. This gives to the students the comfort to study from their homes, workplaces or anywhere they are in the world. What’s more is that, many distance programs allow to their student to complete the coursework any time during the day, while still adhering to overall deadlines. Online education has lower cost. It is considered more affordable than traditional because there are no transportations costs, no need to buy textbooks and you do not need to rent a place to live close to the university. Also, online education programs offer scholarships, financial aid packages, including loans and grants, exactly as the traditional education institutions. Another characteristic that cannot be ignored is communication. In online education programs you can communicate with your tutors anytime you want, anywhere, with any way you prefer to communicate (with the technology you have available). Online educational techniques are not only flexible and interactive, but at the same time interesting as. Besides, the fact that the student has straight access to an assigned professor or lecturer, allows each student to learn with the methods that work best for them. Another feature of online education is that if you are not a social person, an online school may be the right choice for you. You do not have to deal with meeting up new people. Moreover, a big part of people choose to follow the online education route for the quantity of material they are able to find, or because the tutors are more obtainable via internet than they would be in a normal classroom setting. At the same time, there are some similarities which can be seen in an online and traditional system of education. First of all, assignments are a part of learning, whether you choose to attend classes online or in a traditional system, you will be assigned homework to complete. The assignments are expected to be done about the course you are enrolled in and delivered them to your personal tutor between the deadlines. A second similarity between online and traditional system is that the reference material text books are common for both systems. Even though a course may be taken online, text books are still central to learning relevant information and many of the students are using the electronic books. In traditional education, students have to buy the books because they study from them in the class and home. Thirdly, tests and exams are used to test your understanding and retention of a particular topic/subject. It is usually given to students during the academic semesters including midterms. Even though you may study in an online course, you have to expect to be required for course exams. Exams may be given online, or you may be required to visit the institutions campus to complete the exam. In both education systems, students have common information to study thus they have common exams. Last but not least, academic instructors make themselves available to students to help them learn the required material. Whether you are attending school online or on campus, professors are likely to have office hours, where you can get clarification on an issue or otherwise communicate with your professor. In both the types of classes, teachers will be available to help the students in any matter. Alternatives ways to contact them would be email. Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, refers to long-established customs found in schools that society has traditionally deemed appropriate. Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students needs and self-expression. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student-centered and task-based approaches to learning. However, many parents and conservative citizens are concerned with the maintenance of objective educational standards based on testing, which favors a more traditional approach. (Wikipedia,2011) First of all, school is a main place which you can meet up people from different places in your community. Friendship is too important, no-one can live without having a friend around. School is the most important place for humanity to learn. It is very important for everyone because is a place that people can build up strong relationships with each other and also is a place to learn a lot of information. In addition, communication is easy because everyone is on the same building the same hours. So, it is easier for students to study together and help each other. You can ask questions whenever you deal with difficulties either to your teacher either to your classmates because you are all in each other lives. Lastly, study at school is easy for the teacher to take care of the students, help them and get to know how he/she should behave according to the student. Whenever a student has questions or difficulties, he or she can ask teacher right away, also students don’t need to wait for a long time just for a question. Now, comparing the traditional education with online education system there are and some differences too. Starting with online education, firstly, students do not have the opportunity to socialize with friends and do not communicate with other people. Also, students are spending too many hours in front of one screen and that can causes back pain and eye problems. Moreover, if you have limited access to internet (connections are slow) and you do not know how to use technology then you probably fail to your lessons. Continuing with the traditional education, enables students to have more creativity and be more sociable thus they can cooperate and collaborate with each other and the teachers. It is easier to communicate because you have face-to-face contact. Furthermore, teachers can provide instant feedbacks to the students and motivate them to succeed and teach them about discipline. In my opinion, REFERENCES: * Collins, (2002), Definition of online education * Schutte, J. G. , (1996),â€Å"Virtual Teaching in Higher Education: The new intellectual superhighway or just another traffic jam? †, California State University, Northridge. * http://www. acadenia. com/education-articles/Online-education-traditional. asp * http://www. dagorret. net/difference-between-online-education-vs-traditional-education/ * http://lyzreblin. blogspot. com/2012/02/online-education-vs-traditional. html The challenges of online education * Jeni Johnson, (2012), Online Education Vs. Traditional Education, April 4 * Wikipedia, (2011), Traditional education, May, * (Orellana, Hudgins, Simonson, 2009, p. 470). * Elise Wile, Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional Education, eHow Contributor * Similarities Between Online Traditional Classes,eHow. com In conclusion, although online education have some beneficial impacts for students, but traditional education provide better place for students to study and socialize with friends. As well as some people limitations to access technology can occurs students can not have education. An online education program can be a very rewarding experience for those individuals wanting to earn a degree in a non-traditional education environment. Studies have shown that students who are mature, self-motivated and organized are extremely successful in their online learning pursuits. By allowing students to control where and when they study, online programs are best-suited to those individuals who possess strong time management skills and are independent learners. Online learning also offers prospective students who are employed or have children and other family commitments the opportunity to earn a degree without sacrificing other important areas of their lives. Younger students, such as elementary or secondary school age, and students who are dependent learners, may find it difficult to assume the responsibilities required by an online program. Ultimately, you make the final decision as to which education program is right for you.

BIG Brother and the Internet Essay -- Web security Internet Essays

'BIG Brother' and the Internet The Internet invention has most certainly opened many doors for a faster, more efficient educational medium. One can find information about almost everything, discussions range from daily issues to highly academic and scientific issues. It has indeed helped this generation to be much more productive and efficient. The vast web of electronic media that connects us is heralding a new age of communications. New digital networks offer a tremendous potential to empower individuals in an ever-overpowering world. However, these communications networks are also the subject of significant debate concerning governance and jurisdiction. While the free flow of information is generally a positive thing, serious problems arise when information flows free, problems such as: How to protect children and undesiring adults from exposure to sexually explicit or potentially offensive materials? How to protect intellectual property rights? How to determine which country's laws have jurisdiction over a medium that is nowhere and everywhere at the same time? How best to protect privacy and protect our values? How to ensure that legislators, access providers, and network users do not stifle disagreeable speech? While well-established legal principles and cultural norms give structure and coherence to uses of conventional media, the new digital media do not fit so easily into existing frameworks. The Internet might be helpful in making lives much more dynamic and resourceful, but we also hear hundreds of horror stories related to the Internet. Some people argue that it also has the potential of destroying our generation by exposing it to "pornography" and other "indecent" material readily available on the Intern... ...plamem.html>" (March 28, 97). 4: Biskupic Joan "Exploring the Frontiers of Internal Freedom" (March 17, 97) Document. "<http://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/wplate/1997-03/17/037l-03179- idx.html>" (April7, 97). 5: Burton, Scott "The Indecency of the Communication Decency Act" Document."<http://www.isc.rit.edu/~sab0276/stv/cda.html>" (March 28, 97). 6: Fena, Lori , and Godwin, Mike. "Your Constitutional Rights have been Sacrificed for PoliticalExpediency" "<http:www.eff.org/pub/Alerts/cda_020296_eff.statement>" (March 28, 97). 7: Press Release. "Reno v. ACLU: The Road to the Supreme Court" (October 31, 96) Document. <http://www.aclu.org/news/n103196b.html>" (March 28, 97). 8: Webmaster. "ClariNet files suit over Communication Decency Law" Document. "<http://www.clarinet.com/suitepage.html>" (March 28, 97).

Web application and a Web server

1. Why is it critical to perform a penetration test on a Web application and a Web server prior to production implementation? Although many organizations have reduce significant number of design and coding defects through software development lifecycle; there still remains security holes that arise when an application is deployed and interacts with other processes and different operating systems (Cobb, 2014). Another reason that penetration test is critical is many Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) mandate internal and external penetration test (Cobb,2014).2. What is a cross-site scripting attack? Explain in your own words. Cross-site scripting is when an attacker exploits the controls of a trusted website and injects malicious code with the intent of spreading it to other end users. For example, an attacker injects a browser script on a website, so that other users will click on it and compromise sensitive information.3. What is a reflective cross-site scripting attack?A reflective cross-site scripting attack is when the injected script is reflected off the web server, much like an error message or search results. This type of attack is mostly carried out by e-mail messages in which the user is tricked by clicking on a malicious link and then the injected code travels to the vulnerable website and reflects the attack back to the user’s browser (OWASP, 2013).4. What common method of obfuscation is used in most real-world SQL attacks? These methods include character scrambling, repeating character masking, numeric variance, nulling, artificial data generation, truncating, encoding, and aggregating. These methods rely on an array of built in SQL server system functions that are used for string manipulation (Magnabosco, 2009).5. Which Web application attack is more prone to extracting privacy data elements out of a database? SQL injections can be used to enter the database with administrator rights in which are also the best way to avoi d using Java on the website (OWASP, 2013).6. If you can monitor when SQL injections are performed on an SQL database,  what would you recommend as a security countermeasure to monitor your production SQL databases? I would recommend coordinated and regular security audits to prevent any back lash of SQL injections.7. Given that Apache and Internet Information Services (IIS) are the two most popular Web application servers for Linux and Microsoft ® Windows platforms, what would you do to identify known software vulnerabilities and exploits? I would explore the large number of binary planting vulnerabilities known as â€Å"dll spoofing† and â€Å"dll preloading† in which have been identified in third party applications running on a windows platform.8. What can you do to ensure that your organization incorporates penetration testing and Web application testing as part of its implementation procedures? My approach to this matter would be to focus on the benefits of pen etration testing and web application testing. I would explain to my company how the testing would identify holes and vulnerabilities in the current web applications. I would also make the point that by incorporating this testing would make the organization more marketable to partner companies and future clients.9. What other security countermeasures do you recommend for websites and Web application deployment to ensure the CIA of the Web application? I would identify all the key pieces to my Web Server and address each accordingly. The key pieces would include Patches and Updates, IISLockdown, Services, Protocols, Accounts, Files and Directions, Shares, Ports, Registry, Auditing and Logging, Sites and Virtural Directories, Script Mappings, ISAPI Filters, ISS Metabase, Server Certificates, Machine.config, and Code Access Security (Microsoft Corporation, 2014).10. Who is responsible and accountable for the CIA of production Web applications and Web servers? Any trained certified infor mation security professional that is assigned or assumes such responsibility.

Comparing And Contrasting Clear Felling And Selection System Environmental Sciences Essay

C. s. foresters use different Silvicultural systems in order to handle woods throughout its life. A silvicultural system can be defined as the procedure of be givening, reaping and renewing a wood. Forests and forest bases are treated, tended, harvested and regenerated utilizing different techniques. Felling of bases is a common intervention in order to reap lumber, to derive some net income but besides in order to renew woods. Based on the forest direction objectives a Forester or a forest proprietor can follow different silvicultural systems. During the past old ages a base was managed with the chief aim of lumber harvest home ( wood wood merchandises ) and a higher direct net income. Nowadays, due to the enhanced cognition and consciousness of the complexness of the environment and besides due to the consciousness of people for their quality of life, bases are non managed merely for lumber production but besides for ecological and resource aims. This includes clime alteration, quality of life, agreeableness and diversion, national and planetary pacts and ordinances / Torahs, conservationists concerns, planetary heating, C segregation and C emanations. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast two Silvicultural systems. These are: a ) Clear Felling ( clear felling ) and B ) Choice system. Clear Felling is the system where the full base is cut at one time and so the country is either unnaturally or of course regenerated. Choice system is the system where some trees are harvested ( groups or single ) in order to do infinite for natural regeneration. Variations for both systems are discussed within the present study. Both of the discussed systems have a figure of advantages and disadvantages, and both can be used in woods and forests of any country, ever based on the forest direction aims. Clear Felling can be categorized in the undermentioned three classs: a ) Clear droping i whole base system, B ) Clear droping i progressive strip system and degree Celsius ) Clear droping i alternate strip system. Choice system can be categorized into: a ) The choice system and B ) The group choice system. 1. The Clear Felling System FAO defines Clear Felling as the technique applied in order to fell all trees found on a considerable country at one clip. Clear felling is done for two chief grounds, i.e. gross and regeneration. Many environmental groups are against this technique due to the fact that in most instances clear felling is carried out in big countries and therefore big countries are exposed to eroding and are cut downing the aesthetical, economical and societal value of the site. This is due to inauspicious impact of dirt, dirt eroding, agreeableness and wild-life. Impacts are present in the country until is regenerated and trees grow plenty to cover the country. Clear felling, is the system where all trees of a considerable country, i.e. larger than 1ha i as stated by Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel, 1995, Chapter 3 i are removed and so the country is of course regenerated or regenerated by seting. This leads to a future even-aged base. Clear felling can be applied in bases with the undermentioned features: & A ; gt ; Stands where many dead, unhealthy, or diseased trees are found & A ; gt ; Stands where a batch of damaged trees is present ( amendss by air current or fire ) & A ; gt ; Stands with short rotary motion species, or with light demander species that can non turn in the shadiness & A ; gt ; Stands where after reaping desirable regenerations will be present or are predicted to be present Christou, 1995, states that Clear Felling can be categorized in the undermentioned three classs: a ) Clear droping i whole base system, B ) Clear droping i progressive strip system and degree Celsius ) Clear droping i alternate strip system. 1.1. Whole base Clear Cut System This is the Silvicultural System where the whole base is removed go forthing back a bare country. The country is so regenerated either of course or unnaturally i in most instances by seting ( Figure 1: Clear cut system ) . When natural regeneration ( seeding ) is to be applied, droping must be carried out in the leeward side in order to enable seeds to be blown by air current and to cover the clear cut country. ( Christou, 1995, p.75 ) . In instance that unreal regeneration with either seeding or seting is to be applied, the cost will be really higher due to the cost of seeds, workss but besides due to the high labor cost. Figure 1: Clear cut system Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.forestrynepal.org 1.2. Clear droping i Progressive Strip System With this system ( Figure 2: Clear cut – progressive strip system ) felling is carried out in the signifier of strips which progress in turn in one way across the regeneration country. The produced base will be even-aged if we consider each strip as a compartment. The regeneration largely comes of course from seeds from the staying standing strips/trees. The intent of this system is to derive entree to the base for transit, development and direction. Besides, is the proviso of unreal regeneration from next trees and the protection against air current and snow ( Christou, 1995, p. 78 ) . A new strip will be felled when sufficient regeneration of the old felled strip is present and when that strip is sufficient protected against inauspicious factors, like air current and snow. Figure 2: Clear cut – progressive strip system Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.forestrynepal.org 1.3. Clear droping i Alternative Strip System Is the system where felling is carried out in strips ( Figure 3: Clear cut – alternate strip system ) . Strips are at right angle to the air current way, enabling seeds from the staying untrimmed strips to be blown to the felled strips and therefore natural regeneration to be present ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.forestrynepal.org ) . Uncut strips are to be cut when there are marks that equal natural regeneration is established in the antecedently felled strips i this system largely depends on natural regeneration. The breadth of the strips depends on assorted factors, like weight of seed ( seed travel distance blown by air current ) , terrain ( sloppy/flatted countries ) , inauspicious factors ( air current, snow ) ( Christou, 1995, p. 79 ) . Figure 3: Clear cut – alternate strip system Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.forestrynepal.org 1.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Clear Felling System 1.4.1. Advantages of the Clear Felling System Christou, 1995, p.75 and Nyland, 1996 province that the advantages of the clear felling system are the undermentioned: & A ; gt ; It is the simplest of all Silvicultural systems. No particular proficient accomplishments are needed & A ; gt ; Higher outputs per unit of country and lower harvest home costs & A ; gt ; Better control of plagues, viing flora, better seedbeds, and better dirt lacks & A ; gt ; Easier supervising and direction of droping operations & A ; gt ; Where unreal regeneration ( seeding or seting ) is to be used, coveted species can be established since this is up to the director manus & A ; gt ; Regeneration failures can be seen really early ( from the 2nd twelvemonth ) , and so crushing up of failures can be carried out & A ; gt ; Less or even no amendss to the staying trees & A ; gt ; If unreal regeneration will be applied or if natural regeneration which will be decently tended will be applied, the freshly established trees will be clearer from knots and more cylindrical due to natural pruning & A ; gt ; If unreal regeneration of the full country is carried out in one operation, the cost will be lower & A ; gt ; Distribution of age categories are nearing the normal more closely than other systems & A ; gt ; More light reaches the land therefore assisting the regeneration and constitution of the new harvest, particularly for light demander species & A ; gt ; Damages and / or losingss of lumber by windfall is avoided & A ; gt ; Most applicable system when mature and over mature bases are present system & A ; gt ; Easier application of fertilisers in the new harvest & A ; gt ; Easier control of insects and diseases since the whole base is removed & A ; gt ; Yield can be determined before reaping starts & A ; gt ; Specialized equipment designed for harvest home and site readying can be used due to the big country of the site, e.g. if really big country is to be felled, overseas telegram Cranes and reapers can be used 1.4.2. Disadvantages of the Clear Felling System Christou, 1995, p.76 and Nyland, 1996 province that the disadvantages of the clear felling system are the undermentioned: & A ; gt ; Is the worst system as respects biodiversity of a site – a batch of breaks to vegetations and fauna – taking all the big trees adversely impact some wildlife home ground & A ; gt ; Increased weeds invasion in clear felled countries & A ; gt ; In most instances unreal regeneration is applied, which is really dearly-won & A ; gt ; Clear felled countries are exposed for a long clip to weave, hoar and rain, therefore enduring from eroding & A ; gt ; Crop established after clear felling is an even-aged harvest which is normally less immune to weave and snow & A ; gt ; Immature trees are besides felled which non make their concluding increase i less gross & A ; gt ; Soil capacity and features is decreased & A ; gt ; Disturbance of the surface litter during logging displaces stored seeds and additions opportunities for surface eroding on sloppy countries, at least until new workss are grown plenty & A ; gt ; Landowners must hold equal stored seeds in order to use seeding & A ; gt ; The site factors are non to the full used. & A ; gt ; Lowering the aesthetic and diversion value of the country, until the new harvest is to the full established & A ; gt ; If markets can non absorb all the timber the system can non be applied & A ; gt ; Is non a good system for shadiness tolerant species which are used to turn easy under protection 2. The Choice System The Selection System differs from all other systems and is the system where felling ( selective fellings ) and regeneration are distributed over the whole of the country. Christou, 1995 provinces that the chief differences between Selection System and other systems are: a ) Fellings, cuttings and regeneration confined in all over the country and during the whole base life and B ) the ensuing base is uneven aged, where all age and size categories are found in every portion of the base. This system is really the iContinuous Cover Forestryi system, where in the country ever some trees are found standing. In this system, single or groups of trees are harvested to do infinite for natural regeneration. The established harvest is uneven-aged, where trees of all ages are found assorted together over every portion of the country. Regeneration operation is carried out throughout the life of harvest ( Hart, 1991, p. 252-253 ) . Felling of trees all over the country of a wood is possible when the country is little but if the country is big it is non possible to fell the trees over the full country yearly. Therefore, felling is done in a smaller country ( portion of the whole country ) after a certain figure of old ages, which is equal to the figure of the smaller countries i the interval scopes from five to ten old ages ( Hart, 1991, p. 252 ) . This interval is known as felling rhythm. It is really the clip between two consecutive fellings on the same country. In most of the times natural regeneration ( where favorable conditions are present ) will be present and therefore the freshly established base will hold all age and size categories ensuing to an uneven-aged base. In Cyprus, harmonizing to the Marking regulations for Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra, 1992, single trees ( individual tree choice system ) are selected for felling ( over mature, dead, deceasing, diseased, trees of unwanted species, trees with bad features, trees that when felled will enable younger and better trees to turn plenty without competency ) . Besides, in immature plantations, positive or negative choice is carried out. In instances that natural regeneration fails to be present, so seting or seeding is carried out. Figure 4: Choice system Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.forestrynepal.org Figure 5: Choice system Beginning: Dr. Owen Davies Et Al, 2008 Harmonizing to Christou, 1995, p. 87 and Dr. Owen Et Al, 2008, p.64 there are 2 types of Selection System, viz. a ) Single tree choice system and B ) Group Selection system. These two sub-systems are discussed moreover in the following paragraphs. 2.1. The Single-tree Selection System Is the system where felling of single trees is spread throughout the whole base, therefore enable the base to be regenerated within the whole base ( Dr. Owen Et Al, 2008, p. 64-65 ) . In most instances, single mature trees are selected for droping enabling replacement by regeneration ( Christou, 1995, p. 89 ) and therefore taking to a wholly uneven-aged base. This means that all size categories are distributed throughout the whole base. Felling of trees in the same country is merely possible when a little country is found. In instance of big woods this is non possible and so the country is divided into smaller coupes ( block ) , each coupe ( block ) is felled at regular intervals of non more than ten old ages. In each block cuttings are carried out when necessary ( Dr. Owen Et Al, 2008, p. 64 ) . Since all canopy stratas are to be present, natural pruning is present. Forest developed utilizing this system has a great aesthetical value with a more natural expression i all tree sizes are present within the whole country. Skilled forces are needed in order to choose trees for droping, following some regulations, e.g. remotion of dead, bad shaped, rivals etc. Besides, extraction cost would be higher and eventually give will be lesser than in even-aged bases. 2.2. The Group Selection System This system is largely used for light demanding species. In this system the felling is confined to a group of trees alternatively of any single 1. Besides, utilizing this system an uneven-aged base is produced. Felled countries are little in order to have protection and shelter from environing trees/areas ( Dr. Owen Et Al, 2008, p. 64 ) . If bigger countries are felled there is a high hazard of amendss caused by inauspicious climatic conditions, like air current and hoar ( Christou, 1995, p. 91 ) 2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Selection System 2.3.1. Advantages of the Selection system Harmonizing to Christou, 1995, p.90-91 and Hart, 1991, p. 253-254 the advantages of the Selection system are the undermentioned: & A ; gt ; As respects aesthetical value this system is the most applicable, since the whole country will hold trees and regeneration & A ; gt ; Regeneration and stand amendss from air current and hoar amendss are limited & A ; gt ; Elimination of land and dirt eroding & A ; gt ; The general expression of the base is more of course since to the uneven-aged base produced & A ; gt ; Due to the flexibleness of the system we have better possible usage of the site & A ; gt ; Where market requires uninterrupted and little output this system is extremely recommended & A ; gt ; By opening the upper canopy the fire jeopardy is lower & A ; gt ; We can choose each one tree individually if it will be felled or non and this enables the director to fell merely those trees that have reached their increase halt & A ; gt ; Better shelter proviso to fauna and flora & A ; gt ; Weedss are better controlled, since less weeds will turn & A ; gt ; It gives the highest possible protection for sensitive species in order to renew and turn in inauspicious climatic conditions, like hoar and air current 2.3.2. Disadvantages of the Selection system Harmonizing to Christou, 1995, p.90-91 and Hart, 1991, p. 253-254 the disadvantages of the Selection system are the undermentioned: & A ; gt ; A high cognition and accomplishments are required & A ; gt ; Continuous fellings in the same country may non be perceived favorably by the populace & A ; gt ; No clearly output appraisal and finding & A ; gt ; Mostly shade tolerant species are favoured particularly in Single tree Selection system & A ; gt ; If there are jobs with insects and diseases in the country the control will be hard & A ; gt ; If certain harvest home methods are to be used so debasement of the site is possible & A ; gt ; High costs for be aftering and executing of the whole procedure ( taging, droping, regeneration ) & A ; gt ; Is non a suited system in croping countries & A ; gt ; During felling and extraction, hurts are caused to the standing trees & A ; gt ; There is non a determined period of thinning in which attending to the quality of the base will be given 3. Evaluation ( Comparisons and Contrasts ) of the two Silvicultural systems Taking into consideration all the above advantages and disadvantages of both Silvicultural systems, we can do some ratings and comparings, which are detailed discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. 3.1. Fiscal considerations Under clear felling system there is no demand to engage specialised directors and labors, which will be of a higher cost, and since all trees are removed from the country net income will be higher. On the other manus, in most instances specialized heavy machineries are used for harvest home, conveyance, site readying and for planting/seeding and this addition the cost a batch. Using the clear felling system a big country and a batch of trees are felled. This means that the output will be the higher per unit of country. Besides, the activities cost per unit country will be much lower than in Selection system because machinery, labor, fellings and regeneration will be carried out in the same country. The cost for the extraction roads will be besides lower in the clear felling system ( Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel, p. 53 ) . Site readying after clear felling is easier but more expensive per unit of country. Damages to standing trees and loss of lumber gross are besides avoided, since all trees are felled. Besides, in most instances where clear felling is used, unreal regeneration will be applied since no female parent trees to give their seed will be found in the neighbour country. On the contrary, by using choice system natural regeneration will be an evident, since a batch of environing female parent trees will be found. Sing regeneration, particularly if planting is to be applied in a clear cut country, seedlings will be of the coveted species, and the turning infinite will be controlled and so trees of better features will be grown ( Christou, 1995, p. 75, 90 ) . 3.2. Fauna and Flora Under Selection system, zoology and vegetation is less disrupted since trees are staying in the country. For illustration, under individual tree choice system if there is a nest on a tree, this tree will non be felled. Besides, in instances that sensitive or threatened flora species are found under some trees, or within a little country, the Forester will make up one's mind non to use droping on that country, enabling the protection and/or enlargement of this vegetation ( Christou, 1995, p. 75, 90 ) . 3.3. Aesthetic, Recreation and Amenity It is clear that, under Selection system, a natural visual aspect of the base will be produced i uneven aged base. This will increase the aesthetical value of the base and stand will be unfastened to public for diversion and agreeableness much earlier than if clear cut is applied ( Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel, p. 54 ) . 3.4. Dirt and H2O protection In clear felling there is ever a large job with dirt eroding and landslides, since the whole felled country is unprotected from any trees. In choice system, particularly in the individual tree choice system the dirt is extremely protected from standing trees and staying land flora. Besides H2O catchments countries are enrich with much H2O ( Hart, 1991, p. 254 ) . 3.5. Tree features i shade tolerant / visible radiation demanding species When there is a demand to reforest an country utilizing light demanding species clear droping system is the most applicable since the base is opened plenty to acquire more visible radiation which favours their growing. If in the country shade tolerant species are found or if this type of species is to be used for re-afforestation so the Selection system is the most applicable. Under this system shade is provided to enable immature seedling to turn plenty and to be protected from inauspicious climatic conditions ( Christou, 1995, p. 90 ) . 3.6. Windfall, Insects, Diseases Animals and Weeds In the clear cut system there are no windfalls because all trees are felled, where in Selection System we may hold jobs with windfalls. Sing insects, diseases and animate beings the clear felling system offer more advantages since the country can be controlled by these inauspicious factors. All trees are cut and so no insects and diseases will stay in standing trees. Besides when there is a large job with animate beings, like the ruddy cervid in UK, a clear cut country can be fenced in order to avoid amendss to immature seedlings from animate beings ( Christou, 1995, p. 90 and Hart, 1991, p. 254 ) . In contrary, in the instance of weeds there will be a large job in clear cut countries because the whole country will be without any trees. In choice system there will be no job with weeds since weed invasion will be avoided due to the uninterrupted screen of the country with trees. 3.7. Ecosystem and Site factors Clear cut system will finish alter the ecosystem of the country. This will be really distinguishable in countries with trees that are hard to renew. With the application of Selection system the ecosystem is retained since ever trees will be present and will protect besides the under storey species. Now, sing site factors, e.g. in countries where there is a low precipitation, Selection system must be applied in order to protect and salvage H2O for immature regeneration. In the reverse, when the country has a high precipitation the clear cut system can be applied since immature seedling will non endure from draft. Decision Within the current study two chief silvicultural systems country discussed: a ) Clear felling and B ) Choice system. The first 1 does non follow any regulations since all the trees are felled, where in the 2nd system ( individual tree choice system ) a tree is removed if meets some standards. This indicates that particular cognition is needed. Both systems have many advantages and many disadvantages. In order to make up one's mind upon the system to be followed in an country, a batch of consideration must be taken, like, site conditions, direction ends, public agreeableness and diversion and public protests. In order to make up one's mind which Silvicultural system must be applied to each site a batch of factors must be examined such as the type of the harvest produced, site and climatic conditions, biological and fiscal considerations, biodiversity of the site and aesthetic factors. Both of the systems will give good consequences in their application if they are used in the correct sites with the right manner of application after analyzing in deepness of the factors mentioned above. Every system has its ain country of right application e.g. for United Kingdom which has a batch of rainfall but besides has a batch of jobs with windfalls Clear felling is the best system whether in Cyprus with really low precipitation and really dry summers Selection systems are the best for application. Besides for states where the lumber production and fiscal returns are the primary aims Clear cut is the most applicable system. Choice systems are the best systems for countries where aesthetic, diversion, nature preservation, ecology and sustainability are the chief aims.

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buy custom Fiscal Policy Alternatives essay First of all one need to know what fiscal policy is; what is the need of discussing something that is not known? Fiscal policy is defined as a way by which a government adjusts the level of spending, to monitor or/and influence the economy of the nations they rule or control. It is the sister strategy to a policy known as monetary policy. With these two policies a central bank influences a nation's money supply. What is the use of these two policies? Since fiscal policy and monetary policy are sister strategies, they have a similar use. These two policies are important because they are used in variety of combinations with a goal to direct a country's economic goals. Here, we will take note of how fiscal policy works, why and how it can be monitored and how its implementation can affect people in an economy Before the United States experienced the Great Depression, the government's approach to the economy was by use laissez faire. Following the WWII, it was determined that the government had to take a major role in the economy for the regulation of unemployment, cycles of business, inflation and money cost. By using a mixture of both policies mentioned earlier (depending on political orientations and philosophies of those ruling at a particular time, one policy may dominate over another), governments are able to control economic phenomena.The focus of a country should be infrastructure development which will link many places and create jobs for the large number of unemployed citizens. (Mariger, 1986) Fiscal policy is based on the theories of an economist John Maynard Keynes from Britain. Also known as Keynesian economics, this theory basically states that government can vary the macroeconomic productive levels by either increasing or decreasing the level of taxation and public spending. This influence therefore curbs inflation. Effects of fiscal policies and simulation 1. Simulation and work incentives 2. Simulation and labor productivity 3. Simulation and business investment decisions 4. Simulation and infrastructure development Effects of fiscal policies on the Pattern of demand and supply When demand and supply are at equilibrium, the producers feel that there is a balance between what they produce and what is consumed. This in return will make them produce more goods and services to supply the market, so they can make more income. If the income of the producer was $100 dollars and it increases to $180, this is the effect of simulation. This increase in production also leads to an increase in expenditure, it also leads to an increase in expenditure on goods and service of other industries. Thesecompanies that supply the manufacturers also get to sell more of their goods and services; therefore, they also experience an increase in income. This process continues among all the industries involved; their income and expenditure keeps going up until a new equilibrium between income and expenditure is reached. This in return leads to a new equilibrium between aggregate demand and aggregate supply; this new equilibrium is above the original equilibrium. Alternatively, changes in indirect taxes can have an effect on the pattern of demands of goods and services. We can take an example of cigarettes and alcohol, a research I did. The rising value of these two commodities is designed so it can cause a substitution effect among the consumers, thereby, the demands of the goods reduce. This goods are, therefore, known as de-merit goods. In contrast, the financial subsidy of a government to producers has an effect of reducing the cost of the producers selling price and production cost and thus encourages an expansion of demand. If, for now, we take a look at effects of changes in fiscal policy due to simulation, we will see that it affects a nation positively. What were the growing further and the results? Can the incentive work be affected by changes in income tax?This remains acontroversial subject in the economic literature. Considerthe impact if the basic rate of income tax is increased oran increase in rate of contributions in national insurance. Rise in direct taxhas the effect of reducing post-tax income ofthose in work, because total netincome lowers for each hour of worktaken. This might encourage the individual to work extrahours for the maintenance of his/her target income. Conversely, the effect might be to encourage less work since the higher tax might actas a work disincentive. Of course many workers have little flexibility in the working hours. They will berequired to worka certain number of hours and there will be no alternation in that even there are changes indirect tax rate. The government has introduced a lower starting rate of income taxfor those who earn little income. Thisis designed to providean incentive for people to workextra hours andkeep more of their earnings. What is the impact of an increase in the basic rate of income tax or the rate of national insurance contributions? Rise in direct tax causes the reduction of the post-tax income of working individuals. Who? It is straightforward, for each working hour taken the total net income is lowered. An individual is, therefore, motivated to work extra hours to maintain his or her target income. Conversely, this effect encourages less work because the high tax acts as a disincenntive to work. They at a time are contracted to work for a given period that changes direct tax rates. Governments have introduced lower income taxations for lower income earners. This provides an incentive for people to work for extra and extra hours so that they can keep more of what they earn. Change in income taxes, an increase in income tax may be advantageous to generate revenue for the government, but at the same time, it may be harmful for the tax payers; this is because they may not manage to pay the high taxes that they charged. This may lead to low standards of living to the tax payers; this is because if they pay high taxes, they may not afford the essential things that they need. The government should also increase their expenditure on various sectors that they need to improve to curb the inflation; increase in government expenditure also lowers the interest rates as well as leads to a reduction in taxes. This in return reduces the burden that is passed to consumers as taxes. Middleton (2006) states that in this era of massive inflation the government should not ignore the rising numbers of unemployed; they should consider the Keynesian theory to stabilize the economy Investment in education The government should also spend more on education of the low income earners in the population; this should be geared towards the achievement of a literate population. A population made of literate people is highly productive; this is because everybody is able to contribute towards the growth of the economy. An economy that has a majority of educated population grows in innovation and technology advancement; this is brought by the highly educated population. However, education should not be given priority over infrastructure development; this is because the even if the unemployed population is given education, it cannot get employment opportunities in the short run. How do you apply what you have learnt in the work place? 1. Lowering the cost of goods to increase demands 2. Encourage extra working hours 3. Employ hardworking people. Some of the obstacles policy makers face is deciding how much involvement a government should have on the economy. It is clear that the government is to be involved to a certain extent so that a vibrant economy is attained. The government needs to invest in the most important fiscal policies that will benefit the whole country and lead to economic growth. Examples that simulation has had on the economy include changing the interest rates, investing on infrastructure, and increase on government spending on provision of incentives among others. When the economy has these factors in place, it is able to fight inflation and attain some economic growth. Buy custom Fiscal Policy Alternatives essay

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples

Arrhenius Acid Definition and Examples An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in  water to form hydrogen ions or protons. In other words, it increases the number of H ions in the water. In contrast, an Arrhenius base dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions, OH-. The H ion is also associated with the water molecule in the form of a hydronium ion, H3O and follows the reaction: acid H2O → H3O conjugate base What this means is that, in practice, there arent free hydrogen cations floating around in aqueous solution. Rather, the extra hydrogen forms hydronium ions. In more discussions, the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions are considered interchangeable, but its more accurate to describe hydronium ion formation. According to the Arrhenius description of acids and bases, the water molecule consists of a proton and a hydroxide ion. The acid-base reaction is considered a type of neutralization reaction where the acid and base react to yield water and a salt. Acidity and alkalinity describe the concentration of hydrogen ions (acidity) and hydroxide ions (alkalinity). Examples of Arrhenius Acids A good example of an Arrhenius acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl. It dissolves in water to form the hydrogen ion and chlorine ion: HCl → H (aq) Cl- (aq) Its considered an Arrhenius acid because the dissociation increases the number of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution. Other examples of Arrhenius acids include sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrobromic acid (HBr),  and nitric acid (HNO3). Examples of Arrhenius bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Proplem statment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proplem statment - Essay Example This however does not hold up when the internal structure is considered. Employees see things very differently from an outside observer. My individual experience as a team leader and EVP in the company is that there is an absence of both satisfaction with the job and poor employee motivation to succeed. The company employs both Kuwaiti nationals and a number of expatriates. This observed lack of motivation has a negative effect on work habits and the consequent outcomes. There is a lack of enthusiasm in the workplace and the result is a failure to meet expected outcomes. Another difficulty is the relationship between management or leaders and workers or followers. Within KFIC, as discussed earlier in the module on management change, the making of decisions is kept within the upper layers of management at CEO level and with the company chairman. Others in the company, supposedly in positions of leadership are prevented from making decisions in their own rights as they are not given su fficient information, and have neither the skills required or the authority within the workplace that would enable them to do so. The other members of the work teams are well aware of this situation and this makes for poor co-worker relationships. Information is restricted to an elite and the result is a lack of motivation on the part of both team leaders and others. ... This means that there is much private knowledge which must naturally be safeguarded. However unless leaders and workers have sufficient knowledge they are unlikely to be able to make required decisions and carry out tasks given to a satisfactory level. The KFC problem discussion in light of available literature In 2001 Guthrie discussed how the most successful businesses do not rely only upon their obvious assets, but also depend upon more intangible things such as knowledge creation and information held. This is something that KFIC needs to take hold of. They need to understand the importance of knowledge creation and the process of passing on necessary information. There have been a number of studies on the topic of knowledge management i.e knowledge creation, sharing and transfer according to Mitchell and Boyle ( 2010). They argue that for knowledge creation it is necessary to conceptualize knowledge and to build a consistency of operations. As Coff indicated in 2003 KFIC needs to create knowledge about organizational aspects of their operation, but also stress social aspects. Drucker (1998), as cited by Mitchell & Boyle, 2010) explained that it is employees rather that employers who should control and own knowledge production. Â   In their 2010 work Mitchell & Boyle give evidence based upon a number of earlier research studies about the importance of the creation of knowledge. This they say is because it both provides a means of competitive advantage in the market place, but also adds worth to an organization.. KFIC, as an organization, need to comprehend how important knowledge is to their future success. This should then motivate them to search for ways in which they can gain and create suitable aspects of knowledge. The knowledge